About us Contact Us Submit BOM
RFQs(0)
English
Close Menu
View All

Please refer to the English Version as our Official Version.Return

Europe
France(Français) Germany(Deutsch) Italy(Italia) Russian(русский) Poland(polski) Czech(Čeština) Luxembourg(Lëtzebuergesch) Netherlands(Nederland) Iceland(íslenska) Hungarian(Magyarország) Spain(español) Portugal(Português) Turkey(Türk dili) Bulgaria(Български език) Ukraine(Україна) Greece(Ελλάδα) Israel(עִבְרִית) Sweden(Svenska) Finland(Svenska) Finland(Suomi) Romania(românesc) Moldova(românesc) Slovakia(Slovenská) Denmark(Dansk) Slovenia(Slovenija) Slovenia(Hrvatska) Croatia(Hrvatska) Serbia(Hrvatska) Montenegro(Hrvatska) Bosnia and Herzegovina(Hrvatska) Lithuania(lietuvių) Spain(Português) Switzerland(Deutsch) United Kingdom(English)
Asia/Pacific
Japan(日本語) Korea(한국의) Thailand(ภาษาไทย) Malaysia(Melayu) Singapore(Melayu) Vietnam(Tiếng Việt) Philippines(Pilipino)
Africa, India and Middle East
United Arab Emirates(العربية) Iran(فارسی) Tajikistan(فارسی) India(हिंदी) Madagascar(malaɡasʲ)
South America / Oceania
New Zealand(Maori) Brazil(Português) Angola(Português) Mozambique(Português)
North America
United States(English) Canada(English) Haiti(Ayiti) Mexico(español)
HomeProductsInductors, Coils, ChokesFixed InductorsLQH43MN470J03L
LQH43MN470J03L Image
LQH43MN470J03L Image - 1
Image may be representation.
See specifications for product details.
Share
 Favorite
EXPRESS OPTION
Payment method

LQH43MN470J03L - Murata Electronics

Manufacturer Part Number
LQH43MN470J03L
Manufacturer
Murata Electronics
Allelco Part Number
32D-LQH43MN470J03L
Warranty
1 Year Allelco Warranty - Find out more
Stock Status:
129,590 pcs available, New & Original
Parts Description
FIXED IND 47UH 220MA 1.5 OHM SMD
Package
1812
Data sheet
LQH43MN470J03L.pdf
RoHs Status
ROHS3 Compliant
Compare
Our certification
In stock: 129590

Required fields are indicated by an asterisk (*)
Please send RFQ, we will respond immediately.

Quantity

Specifications

LQH43MN470J03L Tech Specifications
Murata Electronics - LQH43MN470J03L technical specifications, attributes, parameters and parts with similar specifications to Murata Electronics - LQH43MN470J03L

Product Attribute Attribute Value
Manufacturer Murata Electronics
Type Drum Core, Wirewound
Tolerance ±5%
Supplier Device Package 1812
Size / Dimension 0.177' L x 0.126' W (4.50mm x 3.20mm)
Shielding Unshielded
Series LQH43
Ratings -
Q @ Freq 35 @ 1MHz
Package / Case 1812 (4532 Metric)
Package Tape & Reel (TR)
Product Attribute Attribute Value
Operating Temperature -40°C ~ 85°C
Mounting Type Surface Mount
Material - Core Ferrite
Inductance Frequency - Test 1 MHz
Inductance 47 µH
Height - Seated (Max) 0.110' (2.80mm)
Frequency - Self Resonant 10MHz
DC Resistance (DCR) 1.5Ohm Max
Current Rating (Amps) 220 mA
Current - Saturation (Isat) -
Base Product Number LQH43MN

Environmental & Export Classifications

ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTION
RoHs Status ROHS3 Compliant
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) 1 (Unlimited)
ECCN EAR99
HTSUS 8504.50.4000

Frequently Asked Questions(FAQ)

What is the maximum continuous current the LQH43MN470J03L can handle before saturation becomes a concern in switching regulator designs?
The LQH43MN470J03L is rated for 220 mA continuous current, which represents the practical design limit for steady-state operation. This 220 mA rating assumes the inductor remains within its linear operating region at the specified operating temperature range of -40°C to 85°C. In buck converter or boost converter topologies, this current rating directly determines the maximum output current capability; exceeding 220 mA with the LQH43MN470J03L will cause core saturation, resulting in inductance collapse and current runaway conditions that can damage downstream components or the inductor itself. For applications requiring higher current handling, alternative inductors with higher saturation current ratings would be necessary.
How does the 1.5Ohm DCR of the LQH43MN470J03L affect efficiency in low-voltage DC-DC converter applications?
The LQH43MN470J03L exhibits a maximum DC resistance of 1.5Ohm, which introduces resistive losses proportional to the square of the inductor current. In a 3.3V or 5V buck converter operating near the 220 mA maximum rating, resistive losses would be approximately I²R = (0.22A)² × 1.5Ω ≈ 72.6 mW. While this appears modest, the cumulative effect across multiple power stages or in battery-powered applications can reduce system efficiency by 2–5%, depending on switching frequency and duty cycle. The ferrite drum core construction of the LQH43MN470J03L and its relatively high Q factor of 35 @ 1MHz help minimize additional core losses, but the 1.5Ohm DCR remains the dominant loss mechanism at rated current. In precision analog or RF filter applications where current is lower, DCR impact is negligible.
What thermal management considerations apply to the LQH43MN470J03L in continuous high-current operation?
The LQH43MN470J03L operates across an -40°C to 85°C temperature range, but self-heating from copper losses must be accounted for in designs running continuously near 220 mA. At maximum current, the I²R loss of approximately 73 mW dissipates as heat into the 1812 package (4.50mm × 3.20mm). In compact board layouts without dedicated thermal vias beneath the LQH43MN470J03L, this heat may cause localized PCB temperature rise of 5–15°C above ambient, gradually approaching the 85°C upper limit if the surrounding environment is already warm. Designs operating in tropical or industrial enclosures should derate the LQH43MN470J03L to 180–200 mA to maintain safe thermal margin, or consider alternative inductors with lower DCR if the full 220 mA is required.
How does the unshielded design of the LQH43MN470J03L compare to shielded alternatives for noise-sensitive analog circuits?
The LQH43MN470J03L is an unshielded drum core inductor, meaning its magnetic field radiates outward without ferrite shielding. In switching power supplies or Class D amplifiers, this radiated magnetic field can couple into nearby analog signal traces, audio circuits, or precision measurement lines, introducing conducted and radiated noise. Shielded inductors with Faraday cans or distributed ferrite shielding confine the magnetic field and reduce far-field coupling by 10–20 dB, particularly above 10 MHz. However, the LQH43MN470J03L's self-resonant frequency of 10MHz provides a natural high-frequency cutoff; above this frequency, the inductor behaves capacitively and radiates less efficiently. For RF or high-sensitivity analog designs, a shielded inductor substitute such as the NLV32T-470J-EFD would reduce coupling, albeit at the cost of higher DCR and reduced Q factor. The unshielded LQH43MN470J03L is acceptable in power delivery networks where digital noise margins are wide.
At what frequency does the Q factor of the LQH43MN470J03L degrade significantly, and how does this affect filter performance?
The LQH43MN470J03L exhibits a Q of 35 at 1 MHz, representing the ratio of inductive reactance to resistance at that frequency. As frequency increases toward the self-resonant frequency of 10 MHz, the Q rises initially due to inductive reactance increasing faster than skin effect losses grow. However, above 10 MHz, the LQH43MN470J03L enters its parasitic capacitance region, transitioning from inductive to capacitive behavior; Q collapses and the inductor loses filtering effectiveness. In LC filter designs targeting frequencies between 1 MHz and 5 MHz, the LQH43MN470J03L maintains reasonable Q performance for EMI suppression or impedance matching. In ultra-wideband or software-defined radio applications requiring flat response above 100 MHz, the LQH43MN470J03L is unsuitable; spiral or transmission-line inductors with higher SRF would be required.
Can the LQH43MN470J03L be safely paralleled to reduce total inductance and increase current capacity in a switching converter?
Paralleling multiple LQH43MN470J03L inductors to achieve lower inductance and higher current rating is theoretically possible but introduces practical challenges. Two LQH43MN470J03L units in parallel would ideally yield 23.5 µH and 440 mA capacity, but actual performance depends on coupling between the physical inductors. If placed adjacent on the PCB without isolation, magnetic coupling causes circulating currents between phases, increasing core losses and reducing effective Q factor. Proper parallel operation requires spatial separation or orthogonal orientation of the drum cores to minimize coupling coefficient; this typically consumes 40–60% more board area than a single larger inductor. Additionally, manufacturing tolerances (±5% for the LQH43MN470J03L) mean individual units may have slightly different inductance values, causing unequal current sharing and stress concentration in the lower-inductance element. For applications genuinely requiring >220 mA at 47 µH, selecting a single larger inductor from Murata's portfolio is more practical than paralleling the LQH43MN470J03L.
What is the expected lifetime or cycle endurance of the LQH43MN470J03L under repeated thermal cycling between -40°C and 85°C?
The LQH43MN470J03L is not typically subjected to published cycle-life testing data by manufacturers, as drum core wirewound inductors exhibit primarily mechanical degradation rather than catastrophic failure modes. Thermal cycling between -40°C and 85°C causes differential expansion between the ferrite core, copper winding, and solder joints, generating mechanical stress. Over 500–1000 thermal cycles, the solder interconnects and wire-to-core interface may develop micro-fractures, gradually increasing DCR and reducing inductance by 2–5%. In automotive or aerospace applications subject to frequent thermal transients, the LQH43MN470J03L should be derated or specified with margin; alternatively, inductors with tighter manufacturing tolerances and mechanical reinforcement (potted or encapsulated designs) offer improved cycle life. Moisture absorption into the ferrite core, addressed by the MSL 1 rating of the LQH43MN470J03L, is a secondary failure mechanism in humid environments.
How does the ±5% inductance tolerance of the LQH43MN470J03L impact closed-loop control loop stability in buck converters?
The LQH43MN470J03L carries a ±5% inductance tolerance, meaning actual inductance may range from 44.65 µH to 49.35 µH across production batches. In a buck converter using fixed frequency PWM control, inductance variation directly affects output current ripple amplitude and loop bandwidth. Lower inductance (44.65 µH) increases current ripple by ~7%, raising peak switch current stress and EMI; higher inductance (49.35 µH) reduces ripple but slows transient response to load steps. For voltage regulation, the feedback compensator (proportional-integral or Type III) designed for nominal 47 µH must accommodate this tolerance band or risk slow response with lower inductance units or ringing with higher inductance units. Design practice requires simulating the LQH43MN470J03L across its tolerance range and tuning the compensator pole-zero placement to maintain phase margin of 45–65° across the inductance band. Tighter tolerance inductors (±10% rated) are available from other manufacturers but typically exhibit higher DCR, offsetting the stability benefit.
What specific moisture handling precautions are required for the LQH43MN470J03L given its MSL 1 rating?
The LQH43MN470J03L carries an MSL (Moisture Sensitivity Level) 1 rating, the lowest classification, indicating that moisture absorption into the component is not a reliability risk for standard assembly processes. Unlike MSL 2–5 components requiring dry-pack storage and bake-out cycles, the LQH43MN470J03L can be stored and handled at standard humidity (30–70% RH) indefinitely without degradation. This relaxed moisture requirement simplifies supply chain logistics for the LQH43MN470J03L and reduces manufacturing process controls in contract assembly facilities. However, standard ESD handling and protection from condensation during reflow remain necessary. The ferrite drum core and wirewound construction of the LQH43MN470J03L are inherently moisture-resistant compared to wound-on-plastic bobbins; the primary concern is solder joint reliability rather than the component itself.
How does the LQH43MN470J03L perform as an output inductor in a 5V to 3.3V buck converter compared to a higher-inductance alternative?
In a 5V-to-3.3V buck converter with the LQH43MN470J03L (47 µH) operating at 500 kHz, the steady-state current ripple is approximately ΔI = (Vin − Vout) × Vout / (L × f × Vin) ≈ (5 − 3.3) × 3.3 / (47 × 10⁻⁶ × 500k × 5) ≈ 280 mA peak-to-peak. This ripple magnitude is acceptable for most digital loads but marginal for sensitive analog circuits such as audio DACs or sensor front ends. A 100 µH inductor would halve ripple to 140 mA, improving noise performance but increasing inductor size and cost. The LQH43MN470J03L's compact 1812 package and moderate inductance represent a practical compromise for compact designs where output filter capacitance can absorb the additional ripple. If output ripple must remain below 100 mA, the LQH43MN470J03L necessitates a larger external capacitor array or selection of a higher-inductance unit.
What are the tradeoffs between the LQH43MN470J03L and its listed substitute, the NLV32T-470J-EFD, for EMC compliance in industrial switching supplies?
The LQH43MN470J03L (unshielded, ferrite drum core, Q=35 @ 1MHz) and the NLV32T-470J-EFD (typically a shielded pot-core design) both provide 47 µH inductance but differ in electromagnetic containment and frequency response. The LQH43MN470J03L radiates magnetic field more broadly, which can couple into unshielded sense lines and trigger false trip conditions in protection circuits; conversely, its lower DCR and higher Q provide superior power conversion efficiency. The NLV32T-470J-EFD confines magnetic field through ferrite shielding, reducing radiated EMI by 10–15 dB and simplifying PCB layout in noisy industrial environments, but typically exhibits higher DCR (often 2.0–2.5Ω) and lower Q (25–30 @ 1MHz), increasing conduction losses by 10–15%. For IEC 61800-3 Category C3 or conducted EMI-sensitive designs, the NLV32T-470J-EFD may justify the efficiency penalty. For cost-optimized consumer products with adequate output filtering, the LQH43MN470J03L remains superior.
How should the LQH43MN470J03L be laid out on a four-layer PCB to minimize crosstalk into a nearby precision analog circuit operating at 10 kHz?
The LQH43MN470J03L's magnetic field extends approximately 5–10 mm beyond the 4.50mm × 3.20mm component body, with field strength inversely proportional to distance. For a precision 10 kHz analog circuit (such as a delta-sigma modulator or lock-in amplifier), the nearby sense traces should be routed perpendicular to the LQH43MN470J03L's major axis to minimize normal incidence coupling. Optimal PCB placement locates the LQH43MN470J03L on the power layer (Layer 1 or 2), with switching current paths returning on dedicated ground planes (Layer 3 or 4) directly beneath the component; this confines magnetic flux in the PCB stack. Analog signal traces should be routed on Layer 4 (bottom), >15 mm away from the LQH43MN470J03L projection, with ground plane isolation between layers. Twisted-pair shielding on differential analog lines provides an additional 15–20 dB rejection of the LQH43MN470J03L's radiated field. If component density precludes adequate separation, replacing the unshielded LQH43MN470J03L with a shielded alternative becomes justified.
Can the LQH43MN470J03L be used effectively as an input filter inductor in a 400 kHz power factor correction (PFC) pre-regulator?
The LQH43MN470J03L operating at 400 kHz PFC switching frequency experiences current ripple from line-frequency modulation (100 Hz for 50 Hz mains) overlaid with 400 kHz switching ripple. The ferrite drum core of the LQH43MN470J03L is optimized for frequencies between 1 MHz and 10 MHz (nominal Q peak); at 400 kHz, the inductor's Q is approximately 20–25, noticeably lower than the 35 @ 1MHz rating. This reduced Q increases core losses, causing the LQH43MN470J03L to dissipate 15–25 mW additional heat at 220 mA RMS current compared to operation at 1 MHz. The maximum 220 mA current rating accommodates typical PFC input stage requirements for 100–150W adapters, but thermal margin narrows. For PFC applications, the LQH43MN470J03L is functionally viable but not optimized; specialized PFC inductors with larger cores and lower frequency characteristics would offer superior efficiency. If board space is severely constrained, the LQH43MN470J03L remains acceptable provided thermal margin is verified via simulation.
What is the expected impedance characteristic of the LQH43MN470J03L across the frequency range 1 MHz to 100 MHz, and how does this affect its use in π-filter designs?
The LQH43MN470J03L exhibits approximately linear impedance rise from 1 MHz (Z ≈ 295Ω for 47µH) to approximately 10 MHz (self-resonant frequency), where impedance peaks at roughly 500–600Ω due to the Q of 35 @ 1MHz. Above 10 MHz, parasitic capacitance dominates and impedance decreases with frequency squared, eventually falling below 100Ω by 100 MHz. In a π-filter configuration (L-C-L or L-R-C), the LQH43MN470J03L is effective for attenuating 1–10 MHz interference (switching harmonics in buck or boost converters), but provides minimal attenuation above 20 MHz. For broadband noise rejection from 1 MHz to 100 MHz, the LQH43MN470J03L must be cascaded with a ferrite bead or secondary filter stage above 10 MHz. The impedance characteristic of the LQH43MN470J03L makes it particularly suitable for conducted EMI filtering at the rectified DC bus of SMPS power inputs, where most energy is concentrated between 2 MHz and 20 MHz.

Parts with Similar Specifications

The three parts on the right have similar specifications to Murata Electronics LQH43MN470J03L

Product Attribute LQH43MN471J03L LQH43MN470K03L LQH43MN560J03L LQH43MN390J03L
Part Number LQH43MN471J03L LQH43MN470K03L LQH43MN560J03L LQH43MN390J03L
Manufacturer Murata Electronics Murata Electronics Murata Electronics Murata Electronics
Inductance Frequency - Test - - - -
Mounting Type - Surface Mount Through Hole Surface Mount
Material - Core - - - -
DC Resistance (DCR) - - - -
Height - Seated (Max) - - - -
Supplier Device Package - 196-NFBGA (12x12) 16-PDIP 64-VQFN (9x9)
Inductance - - - -
Q @ Freq - - - -
Series - - - -
Base Product Number - DAC34H84 MAX500 ADS62P42
Shielding - - - -
Operating Temperature - -40°C ~ 85°C 0°C ~ 70°C -40°C ~ 85°C
Tolerance - - - -
Package - Tape & Reel (TR) Tube Tape & Reel (TR)
Ratings - - - -
Frequency - Self Resonant - - - -
Type - - - -
Current Rating (Amps) - - - -
Current - Saturation (Isat) - - - -
Size / Dimension - - - -
Package / Case - 196-LFBGA 16-DIP (0.300', 7.62mm) 64-VFQFN Exposed Pad

LQH43MN470J03L Datasheet PDF

Download LQH43MN470J03L pdf datasheets and Murata Electronics documentation for LQH43MN470J03L - Murata Electronics.

Datasheets
LQH43MNyyyy03L Ref Sheet.pdf
HTML Datasheet
LQ Part Numbering, General.pdf

Customers Also Interested in

Recommended Products

Customer Reviews

Evaluation: 10 Articles

  • ECUb***h
    Sep 22, 2026

    Used for repair of an older automotive ECU. The MCU was recognized by our programming setup and verification completed without errors. The repaired board now starts and communicates normally.

  • RS48***ieldTech
    Sep 16, 2026

    Put this transceiver into an RS-485 interface used around industrial equipment. Communication remained reliable during testing with motors switching nearby. Good result for the replacement board.

  • Logi***b_Chris
    Sep 8, 2026

    Purchased for a Cyclone III development project. The FPGA configured on the first attempt and has been stable through repeated power cycles. No problems with the I/O we are using.

  • Circ***FixerTom
    Sep 2, 2026

    Used this rectifier in a high-current power supply repair. Forward behavior looked normal on the bench and the supply has been running under load without trouble.

  • Retr***UWorks
    Aug 31, 2026

    Needed the exact ST10F269Z2Q6 for servicing an older control unit. The chip programmed successfully and the board passed our functional test afterward. Much easier than redesigning around a newer MCU.

  • Andr***PCBLab
    Aug 28, 2026

    I needed this ADC for an older data acquisition board. Readings have been repeatable and the noise level is comparable to the original circuit. Happy with the purchase.

  • Leat***O'Keefe
    Aug 20, 2026

    one of my hobbies is skydiving. and when i'm skydiving this works great.

  • Ilen***
    Aug 20, 2026

    This product works considerably well. It secretly improves my basketball by a lot.

  • Indu***ialPower
    Aug 17, 2026

    Installed this IGBT module in a power conversion cabinet. Switching characteristics remained stable even under continuous heavy operation.

  • Nikh***ech
    Aug 13, 2026

    Great low-power MCU for portable equipment. Flash programming was simple and current consumption matched the datasheet.

Write a Review

Your Email address will not be published.

Shipment

Delivery Time

In-stock items can be shipped within 24 hours. Some parts will be arranged for delivery within 1-2 days from the date all items arrive at our warehouse. And Allelco ships order once a day at about 17:00, except Sunday. Once the goods are shipped, the estimated delivery time depends on the shipping methods and Delivery destination. The table below shows are the logistic time for some common countries.

Delivery Cost

  1. Use your express account for shipment if you have one.
  2. Use our account for the shipment. Refer to the table below for the approximate charges.
(Different time frame / countries / package size has different price.)

Delivery Method

  1. Global Common Shipment by DHL / UPS / FedEx / TNT / EMS / SF we support.
  2. Others more shipping ways, please get in touch with your customer manager.

Common Countries Logistic Time Reference
Region Country Logistic Time(Day)
America United States 5
Brazil 7
Europe Germany 5
United Kingdom 4
Italy 5
Oceania Australia 6
New Zealand 5
Asia India 4
Japan 4
Middle East Israel 6
DHL & FedEx Shipment Charges Reference
Shipment charges(KG) Reference DHL(USD$)
0.00kg-1.00kg USD$30.00 - USD$60.00
1.00kg-2.00kg USD$40.00 - USD$80.00
2.00kg-3.00kg USD$50.00 - USD$100.00
Note:
The above table is for reference only. There may have some data bias for the uncontrollable factors.
Contact us if you have any questions.
  • QC (Quality Warranty)
  • Payment Support
  • Packaging
  • Certifications & Memberships

QC (Quality Warranty)

Allelco is committed to exceeding customer expectations through customer service excellence, order accuracy, and on-time delivery.
This is achieved through our commitment to the continual improvement of our processes, services, and products.


Strict quality inspection builds a solid foundation for electronic component quality.
  1. Visual inspection
  2. Performance testing and reliability verification
  3. Standardized full-process testing
  4. Precise control of every parameter
We eliminate defective components and ensure the stable operation of electronic devices through professional quality standards.
Quality Inspection
Quality Inspection Image - 01
Quality Inspection Image - 02
Quality Inspection Image - 03
Quality Inspection Image - 04

Payment Support

The payment method can be chosen from the methods shown below: Wire Transfer (T/T, Bank Transfer), Western Union, Credit card, PayPal.
  • HKBea
  • Paypal
  • MasterCard
  • Western-Union
  • VISA
Stable Delivery, Sincere Partnership — Your Faithful Supply Chain Partner
  • Efficient Supply Management
  • Cost-Saving Procurement
  • Fast Sourcing & Delivery
Contact us if you have any questions.

Packaging

Electrostatic Discharge Protection and Handling

All electrostatic-sensitive components are handled in accordance with electrostatic discharge control procedures. The products are hermetically sealed in anti-static safe packaging to prevent electrostatic damage. Appropriate labeling is also applied for identification and traceability. This ensures product integrity during storage, handling and transportation.


ESD

Certifications & Memberships

Third-party certified, strict quality control. Our certification
  • ISO 9001: 2015
  • ISO 13485: 2016
  • ISO 14001: 2015
  • ISO 28000: 2007
  • ISO 45001: 2018
  • GB/T 27922-2011
  • SMTA
  • IPC
  • ESD
  • PSMA
LQH43MN470J03L Image

LQH43MN470J03L

Murata Electronics
32D-LQH43MN470J03L

Want a better price? Add to Cart and Submit RFQ now, we'll contact you immediately.

Allelco
About Us
History
Certifications
Recruitment
Policies
Terms & Conditions
Privacy Policy
Cookie Policy
Services
Order Tracking
Return & Replacement
Frequently Asked Questions
Contact Us
Order
Shipping & Delivering
Payment Methods
My Account
The BlogsHot PartsChange LanguageNewsSite map
Contact Us
Headquarters Address:
Room C 13/F Harvard Commercial Building
105-111 Thomson Road Wan Chai
HongKong
Service Tel: +852-91464856
Service Email: info@allelco.com
Follow us
Copyright © 2012-2025 AllelcoElec.com. All rights reserved.
0 RFQ
Shopping cart (0 Items)
It is empty.
Submit RFQ
Compare List (0 Items)
It is empty.
Feedback

Your feedback matters! At Allelco, we value the user experience and strive to improve it constantly.
Please share your comments with us via our feedback form, and we'll respond promptly.
Thank you for choosing Allelco.

Subject
E-mail
Comments
Captcha
Drag or click to upload file
Upload File
types: .xls, .xlsx, .doc, .docx, .jpg, .png and .pdf.
Max file size: 10MB