on October 29th 3,427

PIC16F876 Microcontroller Comprehensive Guide to Features and Uses

The PIC16F876 microcontroller is a compact, powerful solution that combines performance and adaptability for a range of applications. This article will guide you through its features, configurations, and real-world uses, offering a straightforward look at how this microcontroller meets various needs in fields like automotive, industrial, and consumer electronics.

Catalog

Overview of the PIC16F876 Microcontroller

The PIC16F876 microcontroller brings a powerful blend of performance and ease of use, making it a practical choice for many applications. This 8-bit CMOS FLASH-based microcontroller, featuring Microchip’s PIC® architecture, fits a range of devices in its 28-pin package and is compatible with previous PIC models like the PIC16C5X, PIC12CXXX, and PIC16C7X. The architecture enables rapid 200-nanosecond instruction execution, supporting both speed and efficiency.

With its 256 bytes of EEPROM data memory, built-in self-programming, and in-circuit debugging, this microcontroller stands out for its adaptability across a variety of tasks. It includes five channels of 10-bit analog-to-digital conversion (ADC), useful for analog applications, and is equipped with two additional timers, capture/compare/PWM functions, and multiple communication ports. The ports can be configured as either a three-wire Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) or a two-wire Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) bus, along with a Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART) for flexible data transfer. Together, these features enhance its suitability in fields like automotive, industrial, appliance, and consumer electronics.

Pin Configuration of PIC16F876

CAD Models for PIC16F876

PIC16F876 Symbol

PIC16F876 Footprint

PIC16F876 3D Model

Key Features of the PIC16F876 Microcontroller

High-Performance RISC CPU

This microcontroller's RISC CPU architecture simplifies learning, with just 35 instructions to master. All instructions are single-cycle, except for program branches that take two cycles. Operating at speeds up to 20 MHz, it handles demanding tasks while maintaining efficiency. The memory structure includes up to 8K x 14 words of Flash Program Memory, 368 x 8 bytes of RAM, and 256 x 8 bytes of EEPROM, providing sufficient storage for both programs and data.

Peripheral Features

With three built-in timers and a range of other features, this microcontroller is well-prepared to manage various tasks. Timer0 is an 8-bit timer/counter with an 8-bit prescaler. Timer1 is a 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler and can increment during Sleep mode via an external crystal. Timer2 is another 8-bit timer with an 8-bit period register, prescaler, and postscaler. The device also includes two Capture, Compare, and PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) modules, along with synchronous and asynchronous communication interfaces such as SPI, I2C, and USART.

Analog Features

The PIC16F876 includes a 10-bit analog-to-digital converter with up to 8 channels, allowing it to handle various analog inputs for precise measurements. Additionally, it has two analog comparators with programmable on-chip voltage reference options and flexible input multiplexing, making it versatile for analog applications that require consistent performance.

Special Microcontroller Features

This microcontroller is designed for flexibility and reliability, featuring an impressive 100,000 erase/write cycles for its Enhanced Flash memory and 1,000,000 erase/write cycles for the Data EEPROM. Data EEPROM is built to retain data for over 40 years, ensuring data stability over time. It supports In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) through two pins, enabling easy updates and modifications. Watchdog Timer (WDT) and Power-saving Sleep mode add to its reliability, along with code protection for added security.

CMOS Technology

Built with low-power CMOS technology, the PIC16F876 operates efficiently across a voltage range of 2.0V to 5.5V, making it suitable for various power setups. Its fully static design allows it to handle low-power applications, while offering both commercial and industrial temperature ranges, giving it versatility across different environments.

Technical Specifications for PIC16F876

Technical specifications, attributes, parameters, and comparable parts for the Microchip Technology PIC16F876A-I/SS microcontroller.

Type	Parameter
Factory Lead Time	8 Weeks
Mount	Surface Mount
Mounting Type	Surface Mount
Package / Case	28-SSOP (0.209, 5.30mm Width)
Number of Pins	28
Data Converters	A/D 5x10b
Number of I/Os	22
Watchdog Timers	Yes
Operating Temperature	-40°C ~ 85°C TA
Packaging	Tube
Series	PIC® 16F
Published	1997
JESD-609 Code	e3
Pbfree Code	Yes
Part Status	Active
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	1 (Unlimited)
Number of Terminations	28
ECCN Code	EAR99
Terminal Finish	Matte Tin (Sn)
Additional Feature	Operates at 4V Minimum Supply
Terminal Position	Dual
Terminal Form	Gull Wing
Peak Reflow Temperature (°C)	260
Supply Voltage	5V
Frequency	20MHz
Time@Peak Reflow Temperature-Max (s)	40
Base Part Number	PIC16F876A
Pin Count	28
Power Supplies	5V
Interface	I2C, SPI, SSP, UART, USART
Memory Size	14kB
Oscillator Type	External
Nominal Supply Current	1.6mA
RAM Size	368 x 8
Voltage - Supply (Vcc/Vdd)	4V ~ 5.5V
uPs/uCs/Peripheral ICs Type	Microcontroller, RISC
Number of Bits	8
Core Processor	PIC
Peripherals	Brown-out Detect/Reset, POR, PWM, WDT
Program Memory Type	FLASH
Core Size	8-Bit
Program Memory Size	14KB (8K x 14)
Connectivity	I2C, SPI, UART/USART
Bit Size	8
Access Time	20 μs
Has ADC	Yes
DMA Channels	No
Data Bus Width	8b
Number of Timers/Counters	3
Address Bus Width	8b
Density	112 kb
EEPROM Size	256 x 8
CPU Family	PIC
Number of ADC Channels	5
Number of PWM Channels	2
Number of I2C Channels	1
Height	1.83mm
Length	10.34mm
Width	5.38mm
REACH SVHC	No SVHC
Radiation Hardening	No
RoHS Status	ROHS3 Compliant
Lead Free	Lead Free

Components with Comparable Specifications

Part Number	PIC16F876A-I/SS	PIC16F767-I/SS	PIC16F73-I/SS	PIC16F76-I/SS
Manufacturer	Microchip Technology	Microchip Technology	Microchip Technology	Microchip Technology
Package / Case	28-SSOP (0.209, 5.30mm Width)	28-SSOP (0.209, 5.30mm Width)	28-SSOP (0.209, 5.30mm Width)	28-SSOP (0.209, 5.30mm Width)
Number of Pins	28	28	28	28
Data Bus Width	8 b	8 b	8 b	8 b
Number of I/O	22	25	22	22
Interface	I2C, SPI, SSP, UART, USART	I2C, SPI, UART, USART	I2C, SPI, SSP, UART, USART	I2C, SPI, SSP, UART, USART
Memory Size	14 kB	14 kB	14 kB	7 kB
Supply Voltage	5 V	5 V	5 V	5 V
Peripherals	Brown-out Detect/Reset, ...	Brown-out Detect/Reset, ...	Brown-out Detect/Reset, ...	Brown-out Detect/Reset, ...

Functional Block Diagram of PIC16F876

SPWM Circuit for PIC16F876 Microcontroller

Alternative Products for PIC16F876

Part Number	Description	Manufacturer
PIC16F876T-04I/SO	MICROCONTROLLERS AND PROCESSORS 8-BIT, FLASH, 4 MHz, RISC MICROCONTROLLER, PDSO28, 0.300 INCH, PLASTIC, MS-013, SO-28	Microchip Technology Inc
PIC16F876T-04/SO	MICROCONTROLLERS AND PROCESSORS 8-BIT, FLASH, 4 MHz, RISC MICROCONTROLLER, PDSO28, 0.300 INCH, PLASTIC, MS-013, SO-28	Microchip Technology Inc
PIC16F876-04I/PM	MICROCONTROLLERS AND PROCESSORS 8-BIT, FLASH, 4 MHz, RISC MICROCONTROLLER, PDIP28, PLASTIC, DIP-28	Microchip Technology Inc
PIC16F876T-04/PQ	MICROCONTROLLERS AND PROCESSORS 8-BIT, FLASH, 4 MHz, RISC MICROCONTROLLER, PQFP44, 10 X 10 MM, 2 MM HEIGHT, METRIC, PLASTIC, QFP-44	Microchip Technology Inc
PIC16F876-04/L	MICROCONTROLLERS AND PROCESSORS 8-BIT, FLASH, 4 MHz, RISC MICROCONTROLLER, PQCC44, PLASTIC, LCC-44	Microchip Technology Inc
PIC16F876T-04/L	MICROCONTROLLERS AND PROCESSORS 8-BIT, FLASH, 4 MHz, RISC MICROCONTROLLER, PQCC44, PLASTIC, LCC-44	Microchip Technology Inc
PIC16F876T-04I/PT	MICROCONTROLLERS AND PROCESSORS 8-BIT, FLASH, 4 MHz, RISC MICROCONTROLLER, PQFP44, 10 X 10 MM, 1 MM HEIGHT, PLASTIC, TQFP-44	Microchip Technology Inc
PIC16F876-04/PQ	MICROCONTROLLERS AND PROCESSORS 8-BIT, FLASH, 4 MHz, RISC MICROCONTROLLER, PQFP44, 10 X 10 MM, 2 MM HEIGHT, METRIC, PLASTIC, QFP-44	Microchip Technology Inc
PIC16F876-04I-SP	MICROCONTROLLERS AND PROCESSORS 8-BIT, FLASH, 4 MHz, RISC MICROCONTROLLER, PDIP28, 0.300 INCH, SKINNY, PLASTIC, MO-095, DIP-28	Microchip Technology Inc
PIC16F876-04I/SO	MICROCONTROLLERS AND PROCESSORS 8-BIT, FLASH, 4 MHz, RISC MICROCONTROLLER, PDSO28, 0.300 INCH, PLASTIC, MS-013, SO-28	Microchip Technology Inc

Applications for PIC16F876 Microcontroller

Automotive

In automotive systems, the PIC16F876 is often used for controlling sensors, managing signals, and processing data from various components. Its analog-to-digital conversion and pulse width modulation capabilities make it useful in monitoring engine parameters and controlling actuators, providing reliable performance for vehicle functions.

Industrial

The PIC16F876’s robust features, including multiple timers, communication interfaces, and analog capabilities, suit it well for industrial automation tasks. It can control machinery, handle sensor inputs, and enable precise timing and data handling in manufacturing processes, helping maintain consistency and accuracy in industrial operations.

Appliances

This microcontroller’s versatility makes it ideal for modern appliances, where it can handle a variety of functions, from motor control in washing machines to sensor management in smart thermostats. Its power-saving Sleep mode and wide operating voltage range are particularly advantageous in appliance applications where energy efficiency is valued.

Consumer Electronics

In consumer electronics, the PIC16F876 manages tasks that involve user interfaces, data handling, and control functions. Its analog and digital capabilities enable it to work with sensors, manage data from inputs like buttons or dials, and control outputs, making it suitable for products like home automation devices, remote controls, and interactive electronics.

Package Information for PIC16F876

About the Manufacturer: Microchip Technology, Inc.

Microchip Technology, Inc. designs and supplies embedded control solutions that help create reliable, connected, and secure devices. The company’s products and development tools allow engineers to create highly optimized designs that balance cost, performance, and time to market. Headquartered in Chandler, Arizona, Microchip serves a diverse range of industries, including automotive, industrial, consumer electronics, aerospace, defense, and communications.

Over 120,000 customers rely on Microchip for quality and consistency, which are reflected in its delivery standards and product dependability. The company prioritizes technical support, offering resources that help customers effectively integrate Microchip components into their designs. This focus on customer support, paired with a broad selection of embedded solutions, reinforces Microchip's role as a leading choice in the market.

Datasheet PDF

PIC16F876-04I/SP Datasheet:

PIC16F876-04I/SP.pdf

PIC16F876-04I/SP.pdf

PIC16F876-04I/SP.pdf

PIC16F876-04I/SP.pdf

Frequently Asked Questions [FAQ]

1. Why isn’t my PIC16F876 circuit oscillating with an external crystal oscillator?

The oscillator might not be vibrating because of the crystal itself or the circuit board connections. Different types of oscillators, such as ceramic and metal crystal oscillators, connect differently. Ensure that the connections align with the type of crystal oscillator you are using. Double-checking the circuit board layout can also help identify any connection issues.

2. How can the PIC16F876 access an array like float A[100] in program memory?

Only constants can be stored in the program memory, which means that data can only be accessed using a lookup table. This array data, once stored in the program register along with the program, becomes read-only and can’t be modified by the program itself. If you need to change the data, consider adding an external flash memory chip, which will act as expandable data memory that the PIC16F876 can access and modify as needed.

3. Does the PIC16F876 have built-in pull-up resistors?

Yes, the RB port on the PIC16F876 has a built-in pull-up resistor, but it works only when the port is set as an input. When configured as an output, the pull-up resistor is disabled. To ensure proper function, verify that the configuration bits are set correctly. For instance, if you’re using a 4M crystal, set it to XT, while an 8M crystal should be set to HS for high-speed oscillation. Also, ensure the low-voltage programming bit (LVP) is turned off.