on December 2th 3,893

Understanding the IR2104 Half-Bridge Driver and Its Applications

The IR2104 is a high-speed driver IC that helps control high-power transistors like MOSFETs and IGBTs. This article explores its features, technical details, pin configuration, and common uses, along with instructions for operation. Whether you're looking to drive motors, build power supplies, or manage inverters, the IR2104 offers a simple and efficient solution.

Catalog

Introduction to IR2104 Half-Bridge Driver

The IR2104 IC is designed to efficiently convert low-power signals into strong, high-current drives. It works as a high-speed half-bridge driver, commonly used to control high-power transistors like MOSFETs. This makes it a reliable choice for circuits requiring precise control over power delivery.

One of its notable features is its compatibility with standard CMOS and LSTTL logic levels. This means it can operate smoothly with signals as low as 3.3V, making it suitable for a wide range of devices and applications. Its typical output currents, with a source current of 0.21A and a sink current of 0.36A, further enhance its performance in high-power applications.

The IR2104’s design allows it to reference the output channels to both high and low sides, ensuring stable operation. Additionally, its compatibility with various logic levels, including those commonly used in modern circuits, enhances its usability. This capability, paired with its resistance to common issues like latch-ups, makes it a dependable choice for both professional and hobbyist projects.

With its monolithic construction and thoughtful design, the IR2104 provides a balanced combination of performance, reliability, and ease of use. Whether you're working on industrial systems or smaller electronic projects, this IC delivers consistent results while keeping the design process straightforward.

Key Features and Technical Specifications of IR2104

Features of IR2104

• Single PWM Input

The IR2104 operates with a single PWM input, simplifying signal control. This makes it straightforward to integrate into systems where precise pulse-width modulation is required for efficient performance.

• Shutdown Input Feature

A dedicated shutdown input allows you to disable both channels of the IC when needed. This feature is helpful for adding an extra layer of control and safety, especially in critical situations or when the circuit is idle.

• Screw Terminals for Load Supply and Load

The inclusion of screw terminals ensures secure connections for the load supply and load. These terminals make wiring convenient and reliable, reducing the chances of loose connections.

• Input and Logic Supply Head Connector

The input and logic supply are connected via a dedicated connector, which helps maintain an organized setup. This feature simplifies integration into various designs by reducing wiring complexity.

• Logic for Preventing Cross-Conduction

Built-in logic prevents the high-side and low-side switches from turning on simultaneously. This minimizes the risk of short circuits and increases the overall safety of the circuit.

• Floating Channel for Bootstrap Operation

The floating channel is optimized for bootstrap operation, enabling efficient driving of the high-side MOSFET. This is particularly beneficial in circuits where the high-side operates at elevated voltages.

• Tolerance to Negative Transient Voltage

The IR2104 is designed to tolerate negative transient voltages, ensuring stable operation even in electrically noisy environments. This makes the IC more reliable in various applications.

• Immunity to dV/dt

With immunity to rapid changes in voltage (dV/dt), the IR2104 maintains consistent performance in fast-switching conditions. This reduces the risk of erratic behavior in high-speed circuits.

• Undervoltage Lockout

This feature ensures the IC doesn’t operate when the supply voltage is too low. By doing so, it protects the IC and the circuit from potential damage caused by unstable power levels.

• Internally Set Deadtime

The IC includes an internally configured deadtime, which introduces a delay between switching the high-side and low-side transistors. This prevents simultaneous conduction and enhances reliability.

• High-Side Output in Phase with the Input

The high-side output aligns with the input signal’s phase, simplifying control and ensuring predictable circuit behavior, especially in synchronized operations.

• Shutdown Input Turns Off Both Channels

When activated, the shutdown input turns off both high-side and low-side channels. This makes it easy to disable the driver completely when needed for safety or maintenance.

• Matched Propagation Delay for Both Channels

The propagation delay for both channels is matched to maintain timing accuracy. This feature is particularly useful in applications where precise timing is necessary for reliable operation.

• Lead-Free Option Available

For environmentally friendly designs, the IR2104 offers a lead-free version. This makes it a safer and more sustainable choice for various electronic projects.

Characteristics of IR2104

Type	Parameter
Average load current	10amps
Peak current	20amps
VCC voltage range	12V ~ 36V DC
Logic gate voltage supply	12-15V DC
Content of compatible input signals	3.3V-15V
Fully operational	600V
Gate drive supply range	from 10 to 20V
Operating Temperature	-40°C~150°C TJ
Pinout	SMD-based design
Package	8-DIP

IR2104 Pin Details and Configuration

The IR2104 is designed with eight pins that are easy to mount and arranged in a standard through-hole layout. These pins are part of its compact 8-DIP package, which makes it simple to use in a variety of circuit designs. The IC is built with CMOS technology and includes two internal drivers. These drivers are specifically used to control an N-channel MOSFET and IGBT in a half-bridge gate setup.

Pin Configuration of IR2104

Pin No.	Pin Name	Description
1	VCC	Logic and internal gate drive supply voltage
2	IN	Input Pin
3	SD	Shutdown Pin (Active Low)
4	COM	Chip power and signal ground
5	LO	Low side gate driver output
6	VS	High side floating supply return
7	HO	High side gate driver output
8	VB	High side gate driver floating supply

IR2104 Standard Schematic Diagram

Functional Block Diagram of IR2104

Equivalents for IR2104

• DGD2104

• IR2103

• IRS2104

• IR2153

• IR2110

Instructions for Using IR2104

The IR2104 half-bridge gate driver is designed to work seamlessly with controllers like the Arduino Uno, making it versatile for various applications. To operate it, you need to send PWM signals from the controller to the IC. When you connect the PWM signal from Arduino's pin D9 to the IR2104, it drives both the high-side and low-side MOSFETs efficiently.

For additional functionality, you can use the shutdown control feature. By connecting Arduino's pin D8 to the shutdown pin (pin three of the IR2104), you can enable or disable the driver as needed. This feature provides an extra layer of control, especially in scenarios where quick shutdown is necessary.

To ensure proper operation, the PWM signal must eventually reach its maximum duty cycle. This is required for the charge pump in the IR2104 to function as intended, maintaining stable operation of the circuit. By following these steps, you can make the most of the IR2104 in your projects.

Maximum Electrical Ratings of IR2104

Symbol	Definition	Min	Max	Units
VS	High side floating absolute voltage	-0.3	625	V
VB	High side floating supply offset voltage	VB - 25	VB + 0.3	V
VHO	High side floating output voltage	VS - 0.3	VB + 0.3	V
VCC	Low side and logic fixed supply voltage	-0.3	25	V
VLO	Low side output voltage	-0.3	VCC + 0.3	V
VIN	Logic input voltage (IN & SD)	-0.3	VCC + 0.3	V
dVs/dt	Allowable offset supply voltage transient		50	V/ns
PD	Package power dissipation @ TA ≤ 25°C (8 lead PDIP)		1	W
	(8 lead SOIC)		0.625	W
RthJA	Thermal resistance, junction to ambient (8 lead PDIP)		125	°C/W
	(8 lead SOIC)		200	°C/W
TJ	Junction temperature	-55	150	°C
TS	Storage temperature	-55	150	°C
TL	Lead temperature (soldering, 10 seconds)		300	°C

Recommended Working Conditions for IR2104

Ambient Temperature

You need to ensure the ambient temperature (TA) remains within the range of -40°C to 125°C. This allows the IR2104 to operate safely and without overheating or malfunctioning in various environmental conditions.

Supply Voltage for Low Side and Logic

The supply voltage (VS) for the low side and logic must stay between 10V and 20V. Keeping the voltage within this range ensures proper functionality and avoids damage to the driver IC.

Absolute Voltage for High Side

The absolute voltage for the high side (VB) should be maintained between VS + 10V and VS + 20V. This range supports the high-side driver operations effectively without exceeding the limits of the device.

Floating Output Voltage for High Side

The floating output voltage for the high side should remain between VS and VB. This voltage range ensures the IR2104 can effectively drive the high-side MOSFET without issues.

Floating Offset Voltage for High Side

The floating offset voltage for the high side should range from Note 1 to 600V. This helps in handling varying load conditions and maintaining the stability of the driver IC.

Logic Input Voltage Range

The input voltage for the logic should be within 0V to VCC. This ensures compatibility with your controller’s signal levels, such as from a microcontroller or other input source.

Output Voltage for the Low Side

The output voltage for the low side should stay within 0V to VCC. This range allows the driver to control the low-side MOSFET gate effectively without causing stress or errors in operation.

Common Applications of IR2104

The IR2104 is a versatile IC that can be used in a wide range of applications. Here are its common uses, explained in a way to help you understand how it fits into different scenarios:

DC-DC Power Supplies

The IR2104 plays a key role in DC-DC power supplies by efficiently driving the high-power transistors required for voltage conversion. This makes it suitable for use in systems where stable and efficient voltage regulation is necessary.

Motor Drive Boards

This IC is often used in motor drive boards to control the high and low sides of MOSFETs or IGBTs, ensuring smooth and precise motor operation. It’s ideal for applications requiring consistent speed and torque management.

Driving High-Power Switching Devices

The IR2104 is designed to handle high-power switching devices like MOSFETs and IGBTs. It ensures reliable operation by providing the necessary drive signals to control these components efficiently.

Power Supplies

In power supply circuits, the IR2104 helps manage the switching elements, ensuring stable power delivery. Its ability to handle high-speed switching makes it a reliable choice for both industrial and commercial power systems.

Inverters

The IR2104 is commonly used in inverter circuits to drive the transistors that convert DC power to AC. Its precise control capabilities make it a dependable component for applications like renewable energy systems and industrial inverters.

Physical Package of IR2104

Comparison Between IR2104 and IR2101

	IR2104	IR2101
Package	SOIC-8	DIP-8
Driver	600V 2-OUT	High and Low Side
Logic input compatible	Standard CMOS or LSTTL	N/A

Conclusion

The IR2104 is a reliable and versatile driver IC that helps manage high-power transistors with ease. Its features and simple design make it a great choice for various applications, such as motor drives, power supplies, and inverters. Whether you're working on a project or upgrading a system, the IR2104 offers performance you can depend on.