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HomeProductsIntegrated Circuits (ICs)Embedded - MicrocontrollersATMEGA16L-8AQR
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ATMEGA16L-8AQR - Microchip Technology

Manufacturer Part Number
ATMEGA16L-8AQR
Manufacturer
Microchip Technology
Allelco Part Number
98D-ATMEGA16L-8AQR
Warranty
1 Year Allelco Warranty - Find out more
Stock Status:
45,793 pcs available, New & Original
Parts Description
IC MCU 8BIT 16KB FLASH 44TQFP
Package
44-TQFP (10x10)
Data sheet
ATMEGA16L-8AQR.pdf

PCN Design/Specification

Cylindrical Battery Holders.pdf

PCN Assembly/Origin

2.73KHz.pdf
RoHs Status
ROHS3 Compliant
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Our certification
In stock: 45793
  • Unit Price: $6.482
  • Subtotal: $0.00

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Specifications

ATMEGA16L-8AQR Tech Specifications
Microchip Technology - ATMEGA16L-8AQR technical specifications, attributes, parameters and parts with similar specifications to Microchip Technology - ATMEGA16L-8AQR

Product Attribute Attribute Value
Manufacturer Microchip Technology
Voltage - Supply (Vcc/Vdd) 2.7V ~ 5.5V
Supplier Device Package 44-TQFP (10x10)
Speed 8MHz
Series AVR® ATmega
RAM Size 1K x 8
Program Memory Type FLASH
Program Memory Size 16KB (8K x 16)
Peripherals Brown-out Detect/Reset, POR, PWM, WDT
Package / Case 44-TQFP
Package Tape & Reel (TR)
Product Attribute Attribute Value
Oscillator Type Internal
Operating Temperature -40°C ~ 105°C (TA)
Number of I/O 32
Mounting Type Surface Mount
EEPROM Size 512 x 8
Data Converters A/D 8x10b
Core Size 8-Bit
Core Processor AVR
Connectivity I²C, SPI, UART/USART
Base Product Number ATMEGA16

Environmental & Export Classifications

ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTION
RoHs Status ROHS3 Compliant
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) 3 (168 Hours)
REACH Status REACH Unaffected
ECCN EAR99
HTSUS 8542.31.0001

Frequently Asked Questions(FAQ)

How does the ATMEGA16L-8AQR's operating voltage range compare to other AVR microcontrollers in the same family, and what design implications does this have for battery-powered applications?
The ATMEGA16L-8AQR supports a supply voltage range of 2.7V to 5.5V, which is wider than many standard 3.3V-only microcontrollers but narrower than some ultra-low-power variants that go down to 1.8V. This makes it suitable for both regulated 3.3V systems and direct battery operation using AA or coin cells. However, designers must ensure that the minimum 2.7V requirement is met when using lithium or alkaline batteries near end-of-life conditions. Compared to the ATmega328P, which also operates from 2.7–5.5V, the ATMEGA16L-8AQR trades program memory (16KB vs 32KB) for slightly lower power consumption at the cost of code density. For applications where every byte of flash matters—such as sensor nodes with limited firmware complexity—the ATMEGA16L-8AQR offers a balanced compromise.
What are the key differences between using the internal oscillator versus an external crystal with the ATMEGA16L-8AQR, particularly in terms of timing accuracy and system cost?
The ATMEGA16L-8AQR includes a calibrated internal RC oscillator that can be set to 1MHz, 2MHz, 4MHz, or 8MHz, offering significant cost savings by eliminating the need for external crystals or resonators. However, its accuracy is typically ±10% over temperature and voltage variations, making it unsuitable for precision timing applications like UART baud rate generation requiring tight tolerance. In contrast, using an external 8MHz crystal improves frequency stability to within ±20 ppm and enhances communication reliability at higher data rates. For time-critical peripherals such as PWM synchronization or I2C clock stretching, the internal oscillator may introduce unacceptable jitter. Designers should weigh the trade-off between board space, component count, and timing requirements when selecting the ATMEGA16L-8AQR’s clock source.
Can the ATMEGA16L-8AQR drive multiple LEDs directly without additional current-limiting circuitry, and what considerations apply when driving inductive loads?
Each I/O pin on the ATMEGA16L-8AQR can source up to 40mA continuously, but the total package current must not exceed 200mA. While this allows direct driving of small LEDs with appropriate series resistors, connecting inductive loads like relays or solenoids directly risks damaging the microcontroller due to back EMF. A common design practice is to use external MOSFETs or optoisolators controlled by the ATMEGA16L-8AQR’s GPIO pins, thereby protecting the MCU while enabling higher load currents. Additionally, flyback diodes must be placed across inductive elements to clamp voltage spikes. These precautions are especially important in automotive or industrial environments where transient voltages are more prevalent.
How does the EEPROM size of the ATMEGA16L-8AQR compare to similar AVR MCUs, and what strategies should be used for non-volatile data logging?
With 512 bytes of EEPROM (compared to 1KB in the ATMEGA328P), the ATMEGA16L-8AQR provides limited non-volatile storage. For data logging applications requiring frequent writes, wear leveling must be implemented in software to distribute erase/write cycles evenly across sectors and extend EEPROM lifespan beyond typical 100,000 cycle limits. Data compression techniques or delta encoding can reduce write frequency, while buffering values in RAM before periodic saves minimizes EEPROM traffic. If larger storage capacity is needed, external FRAM or SPI Flash chips interfaced via the ATMEGA16L-8AQR’s SPI peripheral offer better endurance and density, though they add complexity and component count.
What are the thermal limitations of the ATMEGA16L-8AQR in compact enclosures, and how do they affect maximum sustained performance?
Operating within -40°C to +105°C, the ATMEGA16L-8AQR is rated for industrial environments, but its junction-to-ambient thermal resistance depends heavily on PCB layout and airflow. In sealed enclosures with poor heat dissipation, prolonged operation at full 8MHz speed under heavy computational load may cause internal self-heating that reduces effective clock speed through dynamic throttling or instability. To maintain reliable performance, designers should avoid routing high-speed signals near analog sections like the ADC and allocate adequate ground plane area beneath the TQFP package. Thermal vias under the exposed pad improve heat transfer if the PCB has multiple layers.
Is it feasible to upgrade firmware on the ATMEGA16L-8AQR in-field using ISP programming, and what precautions are necessary during reprogramming?
Yes, the ATMEGA16L-8AQR supports In-System Programming (ISP) via the SPI interface, allowing firmware updates without removing the IC from the circuit. However, care must be taken to protect critical bootloader regions and ensure stable power during programming—brown-out detection should remain enabled to prevent partial writes that corrupt the program space. A hardware reset line or watchdog timer can help recover from failed flashes by triggering a re-flash sequence. Additionally, verifying checksums post-programming and implementing dual-bank flash architectures (if supported) enhance reliability in remote deployments.
How does the ATMEGA16L-8AQR handle power sequencing when transitioning between sleep modes and active operation, especially with brown-out protection enabled?
When waking from low-power modes such as idle or power-down, the ATMEGA16L-8AQR restores normal operation only after the supply voltage stabilizes above the brown-out threshold (typically 2.7V). If voltage ramps slowly due to large bypass capacitors or long cable runs, wake-up delays increase significantly. Designers should monitor Vcc with an external supervisor IC or configure the BOD to operate in hysteresis mode to prevent oscillation around the threshold. During transitions, transient currents may briefly exceed safe limits, so decoupling capacitors must be sized appropriately to minimize noise on the power rail.
What role does the watchdog timer play in ensuring robustness when using the ATMEGA16L-8AQR in embedded systems prone to software hangs?
The integrated watchdog timer (WDT) forces a device reset if the application fails to periodically clear it within a user-defined window, effectively recovering from infinite loops or stack overflows. In mission-critical systems—such as medical devices or safety controllers—the WDT complements software redundancy by providing hardware-level fault detection. However, enabling the WDT requires careful consideration of interrupt latency and task scheduling; misconfigured timeout periods may trigger false resets during legitimate delays. Pairing the WDT with proper error logging into EEPROM or external memory helps diagnose root causes after reboots initiated by the ATMEGA16L-8AQR itself.
How does the UART/USART module on the ATMEGA16L-8AQR perform at baud rates above 115200, and what factors limit reliable high-speed serial communication?
At higher baud rates like 115200 or 230400, the ATMEGA16L-8AQR’s UART accuracy depends on clock source stability and baud rate generator settings. Even minor deviations in the system clock—whether from the internal oscillator or external crystal—can accumulate errors over time, causing framing errors or dropped characters. Using a 16x oversampling mode improves tolerance to clock inaccuracies but requires precise divisor calculations. Additionally, PCB trace length and impedance matching become critical above 1 Mbps, necessitating controlled-impedance routing or differential signaling for robust communication. External transceivers with built-in error correction may be preferable for noisy environments.
Can the ATMEGA16L-8AQR simultaneously use all three communication interfaces (SPI, I2C, and USART), and what resource conflicts might arise?
Yes, the ATMEGA16L-8AQR supports concurrent operation of SPI, I2C, and USART since each uses dedicated hardware modules with independent control registers. However, shared resources like GPIO pins must be carefully managed: for example, SPI MOSI/MISO/SCK occupy fixed pin locations, as do I2C SDA/SCL. Overlapping assignments could disable one interface unless multiplexed with jumpers or switches. Furthermore, interrupts from different peripherals compete for CPU attention, potentially delaying response times in real-time systems. Proper interrupt prioritization and non-blocking driver design mitigate these issues when leveraging multiple protocols concurrently.
What is the recommended approach for implementing ADC measurements with the ATMEGA16L-8AQR in high-noise environments, and how does reference selection impact accuracy?
The ATMEGA16L-8AQR features eight 10-bit successive approximation ADCs with programmable gain and differential modes. For improved accuracy in noisy settings, using an external precision voltage reference (e.g., 2.56V bandgap) instead of AVCC reduces supply-induced errors. Shielding analog traces, grounding them separately from digital sections, and applying RC filters at input pins help reject interference. The internal 2.56V reference offers convenience but drifts with temperature (±20 mV over full range), whereas an external REF pin connection enables tighter tolerances. Always calibrate offset and gain in software using known reference voltages to compensate for manufacturing variations inherent in the ATMEGA16L-8AQR’s analog front-end.
How does the ATMEGA16L-8AQR compare to the ATMEGA32U4 in terms of USB capability and peripheral integration for HID projects?
Unlike the ATMEGA32U4, which integrates a full-speed USB transceiver and supports native USB protocol handling, the ATMEGA16L-8AQR lacks any USB hardware. Therefore, it cannot function as a USB device without additional host chips or software bit-banging, which consumes CPU cycles and increases latency. For HID applications requiring plug-and-play compatibility—like keyboards or mice—the ATMEGA32U4 is clearly superior. However, the ATMEGA16L-8AQR remains viable for non-USB serial communication using UART or custom bit-banged protocols over RS-232 or wireless links, offering simpler development at the expense of standardization.
What considerations apply when cascading multiple ATMEGA16L-8AQR devices in a distributed control system using SPI daisy-chaining?
Daisy-chaining multiple ATMEGA16L-8AQR units via SPI requires careful management of CS (chip select) lines and timing margins. Since each device adds propagation delay, clock skew accumulates, potentially violating setup/hold times at high frequencies. Using dedicated CS pins per device prevents unintended activation, while adding small RC filters on CS lines suppresses glitches. Additionally, firmware must handle bidirectional data flow correctly, especially when reading status registers from downstream devices. Firmware overhead increases with chain length, so balancing node count against required bandwidth ensures stable operation across all ATMEGA16L-8AQR instances.
How does the ATMEGA16L-8AQR manage power consumption during deep sleep modes, and what wake-up sources are available besides external interrupts?
In power-down mode, the ATMEGA16L-8AQR draws approximately 1µA at 3V, making it suitable for battery applications. Wake-up sources include external pin change interrupts, watchdog timer expiration, ADC conversion complete, and timer/counter overflow. Notably, the internal oscillator remains off during sleep, so peripherals relying on it must be reinitialized after wake-up. Careful configuration of sleep enable bits and disabling unused modules further reduces leakage. Monitoring actual current draw with a precision ammeter validates theoretical values and identifies hidden consumers in complex designs involving the ATMEGA16L-8AQR.
What are the mechanical stress implications of soldering the ATMEGA16L-8AQR in high-vibration environments, and how does packaging affect reliability?
The 44-TQFP (10x10mm) package of the ATMEGA16L-8AQR provides good solder joint strength but is less robust than QFN packages with exposed pads under mechanical shock. In high-vibration settings, reflow profile optimization and conformal coating reduce fatigue risk. Avoiding thermal cycling extremes (-40°C to +105°C is acceptable, but rapid swings accelerate solder creep). Board stiffness and via placement near corners also influence stress distribution. For aerospace or automotive applications, accelerated life testing with the ATMEGA16L-8AQR confirms long-term integrity under expected operational profiles.
How should designers validate timing constraints when integrating the ATMEGA16L-8AQR with real-time sensors using asynchronous serial protocols?
Validating timing involves measuring signal edges with an oscilloscope or logic analyzer to confirm baud rate accuracy and absence of framing errors. Critical paths include start-bit detection, stop-bit validation, and inter-byte spacing. Given the ATMEGA16L-8AQR’s limited RAM (1KB), efficient buffer management avoids overruns during burst transmissions. Using hardware handshaking (CTS/RTS) or packetized framing with CRC checks enhances robustness. Automated test scripts simulating worst-case conditions—such as maximum sensor output rates—ensure consistent performance before deployment.

Parts with Similar Specifications

The three parts on the right have similar specifications to Microchip Technology ATMEGA16L-8AQR

Product Attribute ATMEGA16L-8AQR ATMEGA16L-8AUR ATMEGA16L-8AUR ATMEGA16L-8AQ
Part Number ATMEGA16L-8AQR ATMEGA16L-8AUR ATMEGA16L-8AUR ATMEGA16L-8AQ
Manufacturer Atmel Microchip Technology Atmel Microchip Technology
Data Converters - - - -
Program Memory Size - - - -
Package / Case - 196-LFBGA 16-DIP (0.300', 7.62mm) 64-VFQFN Exposed Pad
Operating Temperature - -40°C ~ 85°C 0°C ~ 70°C -40°C ~ 85°C
Supplier Device Package - 196-NFBGA (12x12) 16-PDIP 64-VQFN (9x9)
Speed - - - -
Oscillator Type - - - -
EEPROM Size - - - -
Peripherals - - - -
Connectivity - - - -
Voltage - Supply (Vcc/Vdd) - - - -
Series - - - -
Package - Tape & Reel (TR) Tube Tape & Reel (TR)
RAM Size - - - -
Base Product Number - DAC34H84 MAX500 ADS62P42
Number of I/O - - - -
Core Size - - - -
Mounting Type - Surface Mount Through Hole Surface Mount
Core Processor - - - -
Program Memory Type - - - -

ATMEGA16L-8AQR Datasheet PDF

Download ATMEGA16L-8AQR pdf datasheets and Microchip Technology documentation for ATMEGA16L-8AQR - Microchip Technology.

Datasheets
ATMEGA16(L) Datasheet.pdf
HTML Datasheet
Cylindrical Battery Holders.pdf
PCN Design/Specification
Cylindrical Battery Holders.pdf
PCN Packaging
MBB/Label Chgs 16/Nov/2018.pdf Boxes 07/Dec/2016.pdf
PCN Assembly/Origin
2.73KHz.pdf

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Customer Reviews

Evaluation: 10 Articles

  • Dani***alkerTech
    Jun 1, 2026

    Product works, but setup took more effort than expected. Once configured the MCU ran reliably, although documentation support felt older compared with newer platforms. Fine for maintenance projects.

  • Yuki***aka88
    May 26, 2026

    信号通信プロジェクトでこのRS-485トランシーバーを使用しました。設置は簡単で、長距離ケーブルでも通信は安定していました。消費電力も、以前使用していたものより低くなっています。

  • Stev***aker
    May 20, 2026

    Solid diode for power rectification. Works well in switching circuits.

  • Bran***Lewis
    May 11, 2026

    Compact FPGA with good performance. Suitable for basic signal processing tasks.

  • Oliv***arris
    May 7, 2026

    Reliable I/O expander. Works well in embedded control applications.

  • Jess***Jones
    Apr 17, 2026

    It offers good value for the price, and the specifications match the description. I’ve been using it for two days with no issues, and I’ll definitely buy it again if I need it in the future.

  • Mich***Smith
    Apr 17, 2026

    Shipping was on time, the component pins are neatly aligned, and I tested 10 of them with a multimeter—all readings were within the specified range. Highly recommended.

  • Aman***arris
    Apr 3, 2026

    It was great—the entire process, from placing the order to receiving the package, went very smoothly. The components were consistent, the price was fair, and I had a very pleasant shopping experience.

  • Mike***nch
    Apr 3, 2026

    Better than expected! The resistance and capacitance readings were spot-on, and it passed the test on the first try. The service was reliable, and the packaging was thoughtful—I highly recommend it.

  • Daic***K.
    Mar 23, 2026

    Very good. No issue after long time testing.

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ATMEGA16L-8AQR Image

ATMEGA16L-8AQR

Microchip Technology
98D-ATMEGA16L-8AQR

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